Tony Greenstein | 01 November 2018 | Post Views:

Uri Avnery was the last Zionist who genuinely supported equality

 Uri Avnery marching with Gush Shalom peace activists, 2002. Photograph: Mike Nelson/AFP/Getty Images

Uri
Avnery
,
who died on 20th August aged 94 was a remarkable political
activist.  Avnery fought in Israel’s War
of Independence in 1948 (or the Nakba) and he defended that war as a defensive
war. Avnery became a life long campaigner for peace as well as a political
maverick. He edited the magazine Haolem Hazeh for close on 40 years and when it
became the target of Israeli Labour’s state repression he stood for and was
elected to serve in the Knesset. 
Uri Avnery in 1980, working as a journalist and publisher of the magazine HaOlam HaZeh. Photograph: Ullstein Bild/Getty Images
Haolem Hazeh was a left-wing muck racking
journal that attracted the ire of the Israeli Labour establishment.  It printed the story of how the Iraqi Jewish
community, the worlds oldest Jewish community was forced out of the country,
not by anti-Semitism but by Zionist agents planting and throwing bombs into
Jewish cafes and even synagogues in order to simulate the appearance of
anti-Semitism.  It took the side of Israel’s
Oriental/ Misrahi Jews against the Ashkenazi Labour Establishment which saw the Iraqi and other Middle Eastern Jewish communities as
providing the Jewish working class of Israel, once they had been de
Arabised. 
It is arguable whether or not Avnery was a
Zionist since he believed in a Jewish or Hebrew State alongside a Palestinian
state but one inclusive of its Arab inhabitants.  He was part of the Canaanite group who
believed in cutting Israel off from  the Jewish
diaspora and becoming an Israeli nation. 
What Uri didn’t or refused to understand was that
Zionism was a settler colonial state and that Zionism could not simply be
abandoned once the Israeli state had been created. The character of the Jewish state
was indelibly fixed by the manner of its birth.  It was condemned to be a bastard state. Zionism inevitably meant the
displacement of the Palestinians from their land prior because of the
need to secure a Jewish majority in a land where Palestinians were the majority, even in the part allocated by the UN to a Jewish state. This ensured that process of colonisation and discrimination
would continue after 1948. A Jewish state also meant that Arabs would be
consigned to the margins, an after thought.
Avnery, pictured in 2011, ‘was badly beaten and stabbed by Israeli fascists’ (Getty)
Yet despite this Uri Avnery was one of the
very few Zionist supporters who genuinely believed in the 2 State Solution.  Most of those who profess
support for 2 states do so because, like the Israeli Labour Party, they want segregation between Jew and Arab whilst seeking to
ensure that Israel is not officially an apartheid state, as it is now, ruling over millions of
people who haven’t even the most minimal democratic or civil rights.  Avneri sincerely condemned the occupation and
the harsh military regime which ruled over the Palestinians whereas the hypocrites
of the Jewish Labour Movement and Labour Friends of Israel, who say they support two states in fact support the military occupation, the checkpoints, arbitrary
imprisonment, torture and all the other practices that go along with military
rule.
I had my disagreements with Uri in particular
his opposition to BDS in for example Uri Avnery – The
Muddle Headed Zionist Opposes Boycott
. In Veteran Israeli Peacenick
Clings to Zionist Delusions
I
posted an article by Jonathan Cook which criticised Avnery’s argument that the
position of Israel’s Arab population was akin to the discrimination against national
minorities in Europe. I also reprinted in Uri Avnery –
Supporter of ‘Peace’ and the Palestinian Police Statelet
an article by Israeli anti-Zionist Tikva Honig Parnass Support of the
Israeli Peace Camp for the Autocratic Palestinian Regime
which
detailed one of the problems of Avnery’s two state position.  It meant support for the Palestinian
Authority, which is a nasty little police statelet, the subcontractor for
Israel’s military occupation.
However when Israel killed 9 people
on the Marva Marmara, a ship trying to break the blockade of Gaza, I had no
hesitation in reprinting Uri’s excellent article Who is
Afraid of a real Inquiry?
.
Uri Avnery was a maverick, but a sincere
maverick and also a brilliant journalist with a flare for writing.  I can remember discussing with Moshe Machover
whether or not it would be fair to classify Uri as a Zionist or not. I don’t
think we ever decided. One thing is for certain. Uri was one of the very few
Zionists, if that is what he was, who genuinely and sincerely believed in
equality between Jew and Palestinian and who was sincere in his desire for a
fully independent Palestinian state and an end to the Occupation.
That was why Uri supported indeed initiated a Boycott
of Settlement Produce but not of Israeli goods.
Uri wrote regularly for some 25 years a regular
Friday article. Appropriately enough his last article entitled Who the Hell Are We?, written in
the aftermath of the passage of Netanyahu’s Jewish Nation State Law, posed the
question that has dogged the Israeli state – what is the identity and
nationality of those who inhabit that State. 
Uri’s
conclusion was that there is a Hebrew not a Jewish people in Israel which encompasses
the Arab inhabitants of the State.  In
other words Uri was rejecting the idea that Israel should be a state of only
its Jewish inhabitants and the even more absurd idea that the Jews of Israel are
part of a wider Jewish nation, encompassing Jews throughout the world.

Uri Avnery, the Israeli
optimist who played chess with Yasser Arafat, has died – he was one of my few
Middle East heroes

Robert Fisk’s appreciation
recalls the time he, Fisk, had walked across the bodies of up to
2,000 Palestinians, mainly women and young children, who had been slaughtered
in Beirut by Israel’s fascist Phalangist allies under the watchful eyes of
Israeli troops.  Not only had Israel’s
military kindly lit up the sky with flares in order that the Phalange could see
who they were killing but survivors who fled to the perimeter of the camp were
turned back into the hell of the camps.  Fisk asked Avnery how the survivors of the
Holocaust and their children could commit such an atrocity:
 “I will tell you something about the
Holocaust. It would be nice to believe that people who have undergone suffering
have been purified by suffering. But it’s the opposite, it makes them worse. It
corrupts. There is something in suffering that creates a kind of egoism. Herzog
[the Israeli president at the time] was speaking at the site of the
concentration camp at Bergen-Belsen but he spoke only about the Jews. How could
he not mention that others – many others – had suffered there? Sick people,
when they are in pain, cannot speak about anyone but themselves. And when such
monstrous things have happened to your people, you feel nothing can be compared
to it. You get a moral ‘power of attorney’, a permit to do anything you want –
because nothing can compare to what has happened to us. This is a moral
immunity which is very clearly felt in Israel. Everyone is convinced that the
IDF is more humane than any other army. ‘Purity of arms’ was the slogan of the
Haganah army in ’48. But it never was true at all.”
I shall certainly miss his regular Friday
article which can be found here! Below are two appreciations of Uri and I also
recommend Jonathan Steele’s excellent obituary.
As Diana Buttu, a former advisor to the
Palestinian negotiating team observedHis (Uri’s) death, in a lot of ways,
marks the end of the two-state solution – he was the last activist I know of
that was really calling for it.”

Tony Greenstein 

Adam Keller, who spent 50 years working alongside
Uri Avnery, remembers the man who hoped for a warm embrace between an
Israeli and a Palestinian president.
By Adam Keller
Uri Avnery (Yossi Gurvitz)
How to sum up in a few words 50 years of political partnership, which
was also an intimate friendship, with the person who, I believe, had the most
influence on me?
The starting point: summer of 1969. A 14-year-old from Tel Aviv, during
the summer between elementary school and high school, I notice an ad in HaOlam
HaZeh
newspaper asking for volunteers at the election headquarters of the
“HaOlam Hazeh – Koah Hadash” (“New Power”) party. I went. In a small basement
office on Glickson Street, I found three teenagers folding propaganda flyers
into envelopes. To this day, the smell of fresh print takes me back to this
very moment. Two hours later, we heard a commotion outside. Member of Knesset Uri
Avnery, the man whose articles brought us to this office in the first place,
walked in. He was returning from an election campaign in Rishon LeZion. He
exchanged a few words with the volunteers, thanked us for our help, and went
into a meeting room with his aides.
At that point, it was not Uri Avnery’s opinions on the Palestinian issue
that motivated me to volunteer for the campaign. My own opinions on the matter
were not fully formed yet. Only two years prior, in June of 1967, I had shared
with many others in celebrating the fact that Israel expanded into “new
territories.” I would not have even imagined that I would eventually dedicate
most of my life to trying to get Israel out of those territories. I was
attracted to Uri Avnery’s party primarily because it was a young, fresh
political party that challenged the old, rotten establishment parties, and
because it was opposed to religious coercion, and advocated for separation of
religion and state, public transportation on Shabbat, and civil marriage.
A few weeks after I began volunteering, I left a note on Uri’s desk with
a few questions: can we really make peace with the Arabs? Should we give back
all the territories Israel occupied, or only some? And what will happen with
the settlers? (The settler population at the time was a tiny fraction of what
it is today.) A week later, I received a letter in the mail – three pages of
detailed answers to each one of my 10 questions. I still have that letter. I
have no doubt that Uri wrote it himself – his writing style seeps out of every
word. He took the time and energy, in the middle of running a political
campaign, to provide thorough answers to the questions of a 14-year-old
teenager. I think it turned out to be a profitable investment.
The end point: Friday, August 3, 2018. A years-long political partner of
Uri Avnery, at 63 years old, I receive his weekly column, as I do every Friday.
In this article, he wrote about the Jewish Nation-State Law and Israel’s
national identity, and whether it was Jewish or Israeli (he, of course,
strongly advocated for an Israeli identity). As I had done many times before, I
wrote him an email commenting on the substance of the article, raising some
fundamental objections. He suggested we discuss them further next time we meet.
I asked for his opinion on the protest against the Nation-State Law, scheduled
for the following day by the Druze community. He said he was convinced that the
demonstration would not focus on the Druze’s exclusive standing in Israeli
society, or the unique bundle of rights they get for serving in the military,
but that it will tackle the fundamental principle of equality for all citizens.
Tens of thousands of protesters joined the Druze community in rejecting the Jewish Nation-State Law at Rabin Square in Tel Aviv on August 5, 2018. (Oren Ziv/Activestills.org)
The last which I will ever hear from him was a one-line message on my
computer screen: “I am going to the Druze protest tomorrow.” I assume that he
did read what I had written him, and that he woke up the next day with the
intention of participating in the protest. In the evening, when I was standing
amidst the large crowd that amassed in Rabin Square, I assumed he was standing
somewhere around. I rang his phone twice but there was no reply, chalking it
up to bad reception (which is common during mass rallies when very many
people use their mobile phones all at once). In retrospect I know
that by then he had already been admitted to an emergency room at Ichilov
Hospital, never to regain his consciousness. It was the activists who planned
to give him a ride to the demonstration who had found him lying on the floor of
his apartment.
What filled the 50 years between the start and end points? The HaOlam
Hazeh – Koah Hadash party, which merged into Peace and Equality for Israel, a
political party known as Shelli in Hebrew; the Council for Israeli-Palestinian
Peace, which managed meetings with the Palestinian Liberation Organization and
became a faction of Shelli; the Progressive List for Peace, which we joined
after Shelli disintegrated; and then Gush Shalom. So many meetings, marches,
protests and conversations. So many memories.
Standing side by side, holding posters at a protest to prevent the
closure of Raymonda Tawil’s news agency in East Jerusalem. The photo that
Avnery’s wife, Rachel, took of that demonstration is still up on the wall of
the room I am writing these very words in. A conversation with Avnery the day
that HaOlam Hazeh, which he edited for 40 years, officially shut down.
“I know this is a difficult day for you,” I said. He answered: “The paper was a
tool, serving a purpose. We shall find other tools.”
PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat being interviewed by Uri Avnery in west Beirut. (Photo by Anat Saragusti, courtesy of Uri Avnery)

It is early 1983. Uri Avnery, Matti Peled and Yaakov Arnon, known us the
“Three Muskateers,” come back from a meeting with Yasser Arafat in Tunisia. As
soon as he lands at the airport, he hands me photos of the meeting, and I
bounce from one newsroom to another across Tel Aviv to distribute them in
person. I then take a shared taxi to Jerusalem where Ziad Abu Zayyad, editor of
the Palestinian Al-Fajr (“The Dawn”) newspaper, waited for me.
A bit later in 1983, the radio announcing the assassination of Issam
Sartawi, a PLO member who often met with Avnery and was a close friend to him,
and my phone call to Uri informing him of the sad news. The frustrating,
endless phone calls in the couple of days that followed proved to us that it
was impossible to rent a hall in Tel Aviv to commemorate a PLO man – even one
who advocated for peace with Israel and was killed for it.
December 1992. Prime Minister Rabin, who had not yet signed the Oslo
Accords and had not yet become a hero of peace, expels more than four hundred
Palestinian activists to Lebanon, and we put up a protest tent in front of the
Prime Minister’s Office. It is a cold Jerusalem winter, and it is snowing, but
inside the tent that was donated by Bedouins from the Negev, it feels warm and
cozy. Uri, Rachel, myself and my wife Beate join other activists in a long
conversation with Sheikh Raed Salah, head of the northern branch of the
Northern Branch of the Islamic Movement in Israel, on Judaism and Islam, and
how religion and politics converge and clash.
In 1997, in the middle of a protest in front of Har Homa – Netanyahu’s flagship
settlement – Uri’s stomach wound, which he had been carrying since the war in
1948, breaks open. A Palestinian ambulance clears him to Al-Makassed Hospital
in East Jerusalem; we are all anxious. Rachel tells me, “even though I do not
believe in God, I am praying.” But Uri recovers and lives on for 21 more years
of intensive political activity.
May 2003, the Muqata’a (presidential compound) in Ramallah. That
afternoon, there was a suicide bombing in Rishon LeZion, and Prime
Minister Ariel Sharon drops a hint that he might send an elite IDF unit to
“handle” Yasser Arafat that night. We are among 15 Israeli activists who go to
Ramallah to serve as human shields. We call the media and tell them that “for
the Prime Minister’s information, there are Israeli citizens sitting outside of
Arafat’s door!”
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, U.S. president Bill Clinton, and PLO chairman Yasser Arafat at the signing of the Oslo Accord (photo: Vince Musi / The White House)

Arafat shows Uri his gun and says, “if they come, I have a bullet in
here for myself.” We spend an entire night at Arafat’s door, having
conversations with young Palestinian guards in a mix of Arabic, Hebrew, and
English, paying attention to every sound. Then, it is dawn, and we understand
that we made it through the night safely, and that the soldiers will
not be coming.
Another long, relaxed conversation when we stopped to eat something on
our way back from a Progressive List meeting in Nazareth: “The Crusaders were
here before us, they came from Europe and established here a country that
lasted 200 years. Not all of them were religious fanatics. Among them were
people who spoke Arabic and had Muslim friends. But they were never able to
achieve peace with their neighbors or adapt to this region. They had temporary
agreements and ceasefires, but were not able to gain real peace. Acre was
their ‘Tel Aviv,’ and when it fell, the last Crusaders were thrown into the sea
– literally. Those who do not learn from history are bound to repeat it.”
“If I ever get the chance to serve as a minister, I would want to be
education minister. That is the most important portfolio in the cabinet. The
defense minister may be able to send soldiers to die in war, but the education
minister can shape children’s consciousness. The policies of today’s education
minister will still bear manifest results in 50 years, when today’s children
become grandparents and talk to their own grandchildren. If I were the
minister, the first thing I would do is remove the [biblical] Book of Joshua
from the curriculum. That book advocates genocide, plain and simple. It is
also a historical fiction – the events it describes never happened. Rachel
was a teacher for 40 years, and every year she succeeded in avoiding teaching
this trash.”
Rachel accompanied him everywhere, an active partner to everything he
did, editing his articles and dealing with the all the logistics of organizing
protests. We all knew she was a hepatitis B carrier, a time bomb that might
explode at any minute. And when it finally did, Uri spent six months with her
in the hospital, day and night. He almost had disappeared from political life.
One day, I happened to bump into him in the hallway of Ichilov Hospital as he
was pushing her in a wheelchair, from one checkup to another.
In her final weeks, someone told Uri of an experimental treatment that
could save Rachel’s life. Although he knew the chances were slim, Uri spent
large sums of money to purchase the medication in America and have it
flown to Ben Gurion Airport, and from there, transported directly to the
hospital. When she passed away, Uri asked that nobody contact him for three
days, and he completely disengaged from the world. Once those three days were
over, he went back to his routine of protests and political commentary ­–
or so it seemed.
How to finish off this article? I will go back to 1969, to an article by
Uri which I read under the table during a very boring class in eighth grade. I
still remember it, almost word for word; it was a futuristic article that attempted
to imagine what the country would look like in 1990. The page was split into
two parallel columns, representing two parallel futures. In one of the futures,
Independence Day in 1990 is marked by a tremendous manifestation of military
power, with new tanks on display in Jerusalem. Prime Minister Moshe Dayan
congratulates IDF soldiers who are on alert in the Lebanon Valley and the Land
of Goshen near the Nile, and declares: “We shall never give up the city of
Be’erot (formerly Beirut), this is our ancestral homeland!”
In the second future, on Independence Day in 1990, festive receptions
are being held at Israeli embassies across the Arab world, but the most moving
photo was captured in Jerusalem, of a warm embrace between Israeli President
Moshe Dayan and Palestinian President Yasser Arafat.
Adam
Keller is an Israeli peace activist who was among the founders
of Gush Shalom. This article was first published in Hebrew on Local Call. Read
it here.

Veteran left-wing journalist
and peace activist Uri Avnery dies at 94


Avnery,
who helped expose some of the darkest chapters in Israeli history and was a
fervent opponent of the occupation, inspired generations of Israeli
journalists.

By +972 Magazine Staff
Uri Avnery (left) marches alongside his wife
Rachel during a rally against the occupation of the West Bank and the
siege on Gaza. (Oren Ziv/Activestills.org)
Uri Avnery, one of Israel’s most prominent journalists
and a seminal peace activist who was among the first Israelis to advocate
for a sovereign Palestinian state, died in Tel Aviv on Monday morning. He was
94 years old.
Born Helmut Ostermann to a bourgeois family in Beckum,
Germany in 1923, Avnery’s family moved to Palestine in 1933, shortly after the
Nazis came to power. They settled in Tel Aviv. Just a few years
after their arrival, Avnery joined the Irgun, the pre-state right-wing
Zionist militia. Too young to take part in its militant actions, which included
attacks against British soldiers and Arab civilians, Avnery distributed
leaflets and edited the Revisionist journal Ba-Ma’avak (“In the
Struggle”).
He left the Irgun in 1942, because he was
uncomfortable with its harsh anti-Arab position, and joined the Givati Brigade
of the Haganah during the 1948 War. During the war he wrote dispatches
from the field for Haaretz newspaper,
which he later compiled into a book. Avnery was wounded twice — the
second time, toward the end of the war, seriously; he spent the last months of
his army service convalescing and was discharged in the summer of 1949.
Avnery initially supported the idea of one state, in
which a single nation would arise as a union of Arabs and Hebrews — the latter
a term he preferred over Jews, since he advocated a state for the Hebrew nation
rather than the Jewish people.
During the mid-1960s, Avnery believed that the
national Hebrew movement was a natural ally of the Arab nation; he advocated
cooperation between the two, under a joint name. By the end of the June 1967
war, however, Avnery changed his views: He advocated the establishment of
a Hebrew state alongside an Arab one, as per the 1947 UN Partition Plan.
In 1950 Avnery, together with journalist Shalom
Cohen, bought the failing HaOlam HaZeh (“This World”)
newspaper in 1950. As editor-in-chief, Avnery turned the paper into a dissident
and anti-establishment tabloid that mixed exposés on the corruption of the
ruling Mapai government (Ben Gurion’s party, which dominated Israeli politics
from 1948 until 1977) with gossip pieces and photographs of nude women.
Commonly derided by Israeli leaders, including Prime
Minister Ben Gurion, the paper’s editorial position was anti-militarist. It
published investigative reports that exposed the government’s racist and
discriminatory policies against Mizrahi Jews and other ethnic
minorities, opposed the military rule that was imposed on Israel’s
Arab citizens from 1948-1966, and was the first to publicize the Yemenite
Children Affair.
During the years he was editor of HaOlam
HaZeh
, Avnery was victim of numerous physical attacks. One ended
with both his arms broken. In 1975, he was seriously wounded after an assailant
stabbed him on his own doorstep.
 Uri Avnery, left, with the Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat during a meeting in the West Bank city of Ramallah, 2002. Photograph: Brennan Linsley/AP
The Shin Bet, Israel’s General Security Service, saw
in HaOlam HaZeh a serious threat to the state
and listed Avnery as the top enemy of the government. The
newspaper’s office was bombed several times, with a 1972 arson
attack destroying its entire archives. At one point, the Shin Bet even
published its own tabloid, Rimon,
in order to discredit HaOlam HaZeh and put it out of
business. Rimon would operate for only three years before
shutting down.
Avnery decided to enter politics in 1965, after the
Knesset passed an anti-defamation law that sought to clamp down on HaOlam
HaZeh
. He founded the left-wing movement Koah Hadash (New Power).
After his election to the Knesset in 1969, Avnery dedicated his parliamentary
activities to promoting peace with Israel’s neighbors, fighting against
religious coercion by the ultra-Orthodox, and championing civil liberties. He
would return to the Knesset in 1979 with the dovish Sheli party, and in 1981
was the first MK to hold up the Palestinian flag alongside the Israeli one in
the Knesset plenum.
In 1982, at the height of the Israeli army’s
siege on Beirut, Avnery and a group of Israeli journalists, including
Anat Saragusti
, met with PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat in the city — one of
the first times Israelis met with the Palestinian leader (Charlie Bitton and
Tawfik Toubi, both members of Knesset from Israel’s communist party, met with
Arafat and the PLO leadership two years prior). The meeting came almost a
decade after Avnery made contact with one of Arafat’s envoys. Upon his return
from Lebanon, members of the Israeli government called for Avnery to
be tried for high treason. Avnery would continue to meet with Arafat in
subsequent years, including in 1994, after the Palestinian leader arrived in
the occupied territories under the Oslo Accords.
Uri Avnery (center) sits between Arab MK Ahmad Tibi (L), and Likud MK Zeev Elkin (R) in the Supreme Court in Jerusalem, February 16, 2014. (Flash90)

Avnery would eventually split off from Sheli with a
group of Arab and left-wing movements to form the Progressive List for
Peace, which called for equality for Israel’s Palestinian citizens and an end
to the occupation. In 1993, feeling that Israeli peace groups did not take a
strong enough stance against the government’s repressive measures — which
included the 1992 expulsion
of 415 Hamas members from the occupied territories —  Avnery
formed the peace group Gush Shalom. He remained the head of the
movement, helping organize demonstrations against the occupation and
the siege on Gaza and publishing a weekly column until his death.
From the beginning of his journalism career,
mainstream Israeli opinion held that Avnery’s writing was subversive
and anti-Israel. In his later years he was the subject of controversy after he
published articles attacking
Russian immigrants and Mizrahi Jews
, accusing them of
responsibility for Israel’s rightward shift.
Uri Avnery’s wife Rachel died
in 2011
. They were married for 58 years and chose not to have
children, so that they could dedicate their lives to political struggle.

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Tony Greenstein

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